Introduction to Reconfiguration

Introduction to Reconfiguration

Reconfiguration is concerned with relationships among solutions to a problem instance, where the reconfiguration of one solution to another is a sequence of steps such that each step produces an intermediate feasible solution. The solution space can be represented as a reconfiguration graph, where two vertices representing solutions are adjacent if one can be formed from the other in a single s...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...

Introduction to Ethics

  The issues involved in this article are mainly concentrated on the origins of ethics or Moral ethics as an indepent science It has been said that this area of science was founded by Greek Philosophers after a great crisis and debates between such thinkers as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle on one side and  study of other cuitures and moral traditions, especially the Chinese and Hindu tradition...

An Introduction to Honorary Authorship

سخن سردبیر Editorial مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان دوره 20، دی 1400، 1064-1063       مقدمه‌‌‌ای بر انواع نویسندگی افتخاری   An Introduction to Honorary Authorship   محسن رضائیان[1]   M. Rezaeian   تاکنون پیرامون مسائل و مشکلاتی که ممکن است در زمینه نویسندگی مقالات علمی مطرح گردد، موضوعات گوناگونی را به رشته تحریردر آورده‌ایم [5-1]. ازآن جمله، پیرامون انواع گوناگون وضعیت نویسن...